Cotton is the oldest and most important textile fibers. It is the most widely used textile fibre, mainly due to its low cost, launder ability, good strength and good absorbency. It has been used since close to 2300 BC.
Cotton plants belongs to the mallow family. It has a botanical name Gossypium. There are various species but only four of them have attained commercial importance. Like Gossypium herbaceum, Gossypium hirsutum, Gossyplum peruvianum and Gossypium barbadense.
Commercial varieties of cotton:
a. Sea Island cotton.
b. Egyptian cotton.
c. South American cotton.
d. American cotton.
e. Indian cotton.
f. China.
The cotton polymer is a linear cellulose polymer. The repeating unit in the cotton polymer is cellubiose which consists of two glucose unit . The cotton polymer consists of about 1000 cellubiose units, that is, the degree of polymerization is about 10000. It is a very long linear polymer about 10000 nm in length and about 0.8nm thick.
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